Booker T. Washington : the wizard of Tuskegee 1901-1915 by Harlan Louis R

Author:Harlan, Louis R
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Washington, Booker T. (Booker Taliaferro), 1856-1915, Afro-Americans, Educators, United States Negroes Professional education Washington, Booker T. 1901-1915 Biographies
Publisher: New York ; Oxford : Oxford University Press
Published: 1986-03-23T05:00:00+00:00

274 Booker T. Washington

land, the Lumbwa Industrial Mission in Kenya, and industrial institutes in the Gold Coast and Nigeria, as well as an experimental African Training Institute at Colwyn Bay, North Wales. Washington's responses to these requests were largely perfunctory, since he had never seen the institutions, and usually consisted of sending some of his published writings and an invitation to visit Tuskegee. He certainly did not promote industrial education as a caste education suitable especially to Africans, as white men after his death did, particularly agents of the Phelps-Stokes and Jeanes Funds and colonial administrators. 17

It was the oracular nature of Washington's symbolic message that attracted a diverse following related to Africa—black nationalists and pan-Africanists, missionaries, colonial administrators, and the British heirs of abolitionism. The West Indian black nationalist Edward W. Blyden was a strong Washington supporter for awhile after the Atlanta Compromise address in 1895 because he equated Washington's acquiescence in temporary segregation with nationalist separatism, but turned sharply away from him after the dinner at the White House showed that Washington did not elevate separation to a principle. 18 Joseph Booth, the radical white missionary of East Africa, tried to interest Washington in a plan to colonize American blacks in East Africa, but Park warned that Booth was a "little dinky missionary" who would use any help "in fighting the English government in South Africa to whose policy he is opposed and by whom he is regarded as an enemy of public peace." Washington disengaged himself from Booth. 19

Washington had a more lasting intellectual influence on other African nationalist intellectuals, however. When he was in London in 1899 he took part in planning the Pan-African Conference there in 1900, though he did not attend the gathering nor adopt its militant protest spirit in his American racial leadership. He corresponded with J. E. Casely Hayford and his brother Mark C. Hayford of the Gold Coast; with P. K. Isaka Seme, who visited Tuskegee while a student at Columbia and continued to correspond with Washington after enrolling at Oxford; and with other South African black nationalists, A. Kirkland Soga and F. Z. S. Peregrine He took an interest in the Pan-African work of Duse Mohamed, editor of the African Times and Orient Review, whose effort was to make his paper an international newsletter on African affairs from the African viewpoint. What all of these men saw in Washington was not so much his promotion of industrial

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